AstraZeneca has become the latest major drugmaker to scale back investment in the United Kingdom, pausing a planned £200 million ($271 million) expansion of its Cambridge research site.
The move, which would have created up to 1,000 jobs, highlights growing tensions between the pharmaceutical industry and the UK government over drug pricing and competitiveness.
AstraZeneca joins growing list of pharma pullbacks
The Anglo-Swedish company, Britain’s largest by market capitalisation, confirmed on Friday that it had halted the project originally announced in March 2024.
“We constantly reassess the investment needs of our company and can confirm our expansion in Cambridge is paused. We have no further comment to make,” a spokesperson said.
This is not AstraZeneca’s first retreat.
Earlier this year, it scrapped plans for a £450 million vaccine manufacturing plant in northern England after a cut in government support.
In July, the company announced a $50 billion commitment to expand its US operations by 2030, underscoring a shift in priorities toward markets perceived as more attractive.
The announcement follows a similar decision by US pharmaceutical giant Merck, which abandoned a planned £1 billion research centre in London, citing the UK’s “challenging business environment.”
Merck also confirmed layoffs of 125 staff.
Meanwhile, Eli Lilly has paused investment in a UK laboratory, further raising questions about the country’s standing as a global life sciences hub.
In July, reports said AstraZeneca was considering moving its listing to the US.
Industry frustration over pricing and taxation
The pharmaceutical industry’s discontent is tied to Britain’s approach to drug pricing and taxation.
Companies argue that the National Health Service (NHS) underpays for innovative medicines, dampening incentives to invest.
Industry complaints intensified this year after the NHS’s clawback tax on sales rose unexpectedly, cutting into revenues.
Drugmakers have long warned that sustained underpricing would put research and development commitments at risk.
AstraZeneca’s Chief Executive Pascal Soriot has urged the government to create a more favourable environment for business investment.
The Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI) has echoed these concerns, warning this week that Britain is “increasingly being ruled out of consideration as a viable location for pharmaceutical investment.”
Negotiations between the government and the sector over pricing and revenue returns to the NHS stalled in August, when Health Secretary Wes Streeting walked away from the table.
However, Merck’s exit has reportedly prompted officials to reconsider and seek renewed dialogue with industry leaders.
Broader implications for UK life sciences
The UK life sciences sector employs roughly 300,000 people and has been highlighted by the government as one of eight “growth-driving” industries in its industrial strategy.
The latest retrenchments cast a shadow over that ambition, particularly as global competitors ramp up investment in the United States and Europe.
The timing also carries political weight. AstraZeneca’s announcement comes just days before US President Donald Trump’s state visit to Britain, during which tariffs and drug pricing are expected to be high on the agenda.
Trump has previously criticised Britain and Europe for what he views as underpayment for pharmaceuticals.
With the combination of international tariff pressures, strained negotiations over NHS pricing, and mounting examples of companies redirecting capital elsewhere, the UK risks losing ground in a sector where it has historically been a global leader.
For now, AstraZeneca’s pause underscores the uncertainty facing Britain’s pharmaceutical landscape.
Whether renewed talks between industry and government can reverse the trend will be a key test for policymakers seeking to retain the country’s competitiveness in life sciences.
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